Toiles are printed cotton fabrics, originating in France in the mid-1700s. They were printed with natural vegetal dyes on cotton, first with copper plates and later on rollers. Some of the most well-known manufacturers are from the areas of Jouy, Nantes, Beautiran, and Rouen, with the industry reaching its zenith in 1790-1800. In the next century the craft of manufacturing these toiles was admired and nurtured by Napoleon, and 200 years later toiles are still collected with passion.

The original toile motifs included the indiennes, a floral series, figural scenes from everyday life such as Les Savoyards, hunting, garden and classical motifs, and also historical events (The Marriage of Henry IV, Napoleon in Egypt). The majority are in red, purple, gold, brown or black with white. Many of the older ones were quilted for their use in home or chateau, often as bed or window covers.

Toiles have been widely copied today for decorative use. Including some original vintage toile adds depth and character to any home décor. They can be reborn as baldaquins or headboards, window cornices, pillows or covers for small chairs. They mix beautifully with other prints, stripes and colors, often adding a refreshing twist to the traditional or even contemporary décor with their vibrant colors and interesting scenes.

Other printed cottons include late 18-early 19th century chintzes, chinoiserie, and 1930-40s provencal prints.